A Ritual of Remembrance
Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Every spring, people on Ly Son Island gather to perform a meaningful ceremony to honor soldiers who lost their lives at sea while protecting Vietnam’s sovereignty. The event attracts a large (1) ________ of local residents and visitors. It is considered one of the most (2) ________ ceremonies in the region.
The ritual (3) ________ at Am Linh Temple by local communities, includes offerings, music, and symbolic activities. Effigies made from clay and straw (4) ________ the soldiers who never returned. It is among the important cultural events that show respect for national history.
This long-standing cultural event, (5) ________ takes place every year, reminds people of the sacrifices made by earlier generations. Over time, it has helped the islanders (6) ________ the reputation for their cultural traditions and national identity.
(1) ________
number
amount
volume
level
(2) ________
emotion
emotional
emotionally
emotionless
(3) ________
holding
held
has held
is holding
(4) ________
advertise
organise
represent
decorate
(5) ________
who
which
that
where
(6) ________
bring up
build up
take up
turn up
PROTECTING FORESTS IN CENTRAL ANNAMITES
Together for Nature and Local Communities
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Forests in Central Annamites, Viet Nam are vital for both people and wildlife.
(7) ________ , illegal logging and land use are damaging many forest areas. This leads (8) ________ environmental problems such as biodiversity loss and climate change.
How Can We Help?
Encourage (9) ________ individual to use resources wisely.
Support sustainable farming practices.
Protect natural forest areas.
Preserve wildlife habitats.
Using (10) ________ can reduce pressure on forests. Education programmes also help raise awareness about conservation. Avoiding excessive (11) ________ of forest resources is necessary for long-term protection. Developing (12) ________ solutions will benefit both nature and local communities.
(7) ________
However
Otherwise
Though
Therefore
(8) ________
on
at
in
to
(9) ________
few
each
much
many
(10) ________
products sustainable wood
wood sustainable products
wood products sustainable
sustainable wood products
(11) ________
declaration
exploitation
restoration
development
(12) ________
impulsive
aggressive
feasible
mutual
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Academic pressure from well-meaning parents has become a growing concern affecting students’ emotional and development. Many parents strongly incentivise their children to pursue rigorous academic schedules encompassing an extensive range of subjects. This pressure (18) ________. They might feel overwhelmed by the number of assignments and exams they have to prepare for each week. Parents also want their children to succeed, which can result in more stress and anxiety. Moreover, (19)________.
Some students (20) ________ find it difficult to balance their studies with other activities. Such children frequently find themselves deprived of opportunities for leisure pursuits or meaningful social interaction, a sustained imbalance that can undermine mental well-being and precipitate academic burnout. Parents may not realize the impact of their expectations on their children’s well-being. (21) ________.
To help reduce this pressure, students should be given time to relax and explore their interests. Given the chance to take breaks, (22) ________. Constructive parental communication and well-balanced daily routines contribute significantly to healthier learning habits, stronger resilience, and sustained long-term success. Maintaining a healthy balance between academic responsibilities and personal well-being enables students to develop positively and thrive successfully in the long term.
(18) ________
having frequently been experienced by students who struggle to keep pace with escalating academic demands
is frequently experienced by students who find it increasingly difficult to meet academic expectations
that is frequently experienced by students who encounter persistent difficulty in managing academic workloads
of which it is frequently experienced by students who face mounting pressure to keep up academically
(19) ________
because academic rigor is not inherently paramount, making it imperative that children affording sufficient opportunities for leisure and enjoyment.
while learning should remain intrinsically rewarding, an excessive preoccupation with grades can enhance students’ genuine engagement with education
students frequently achieve higher levels of performance when intrinsically motivated, and measured pressure may enhance confidence and creative capacity
when learning becomes excessively grade-focused, students’ genuine engagement with education is gradually eroded
(20) ________
those have come to organise virtually every aspect of their lives around academic obligations
maintain a well-balanced lifestyle supported by family encouragement and guidance
that daily routines have overwhelmingly dictated by institutional academic expectations
whose lives are predominantly oriented around scholastic responsibilities
(21) ________
Instead of encouraging a love for learning, they might unintentionally create a fear of failure
Students believe that studying hard will always guarantee success in all subjects without any stress
Some children enjoy school so much that they find studying easy and rarely need to seek help
Many students struggle to manage their time, leading to poor grades and missed deadlines in school
(22) ________
their efforts will yield measurable improvements in academic performance
demonstrable improvements are observed in their academic performance
students tend to exhibit significantly higher levels of academic attainment
substantial improvements can be achieved across academic domains
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
There are countless technological innovations shaping the modern world today. However, the majority of global users rely on a relatively small number of dominant digital platforms, including search engines, social media networks, cloud-based services, and mobile applications. According to recent reports by the World Economic Forum, this concentration of technological power has accelerated innovation while simultaneously raising concerns about digital inequality, data privacy, and market monopolisation.
When technology evolves rapidly, it inevitably transforms how societies function. Digital tools influence communication patterns, reshape labour markets, and redefine access to information. For example, artificial intelligence systems are increasingly used in healthcare, finance, and education. Their efficiency stems from the ability to process vast quantities of data, enabling faster decision-making than traditional human-led systems. As a result, productivity has improved across multiple sectors.
In response to these developments, governments and institutions are attempting to regulate technological growth responsibly. Several countries have introduced digital literacy programmes to help citizens navigate online environments safely. Others have implemented data-protection laws to ensure that personal information is not exploited. These measures illustrate how policy intervention can mitigate technological risks while preserving innovation.
Technology also offers new solutions for addressing large-scale challenges. Open-source platforms, online learning systems, and remote collaboration tools have expanded access to knowledge worldwide. Because such technologies are widely accessible via the Internet, individuals from diverse backgrounds can acquire skills, participate in global discourse, and contribute to digital economies. Nevertheless, experts emphasise that technological progress must be guided by ethical frameworks to ensure long-term social benefit rather than unchecked automation.
search engines
social media networks
cloud-based services
offline applications
expedited
inhibited
facilitated
transferred
Their effectiveness comes from their capacity to handle small amounts of data, allowing quicker decisions than systems controlled by humans.
Because they can analyse enormous volumes of information, these systems make decisions more gradually than traditional human-operated methods.
Their high level of efficiency is due to the ability to process massive data sets and support faster decision-making in multiple sectors.
By processing huge quantities of data, these systems can reach decisions more quickly than conventional systems managed by humans.
These developments
Some countries
Digital literacy programmes
Online environments
distribute
accumulate
diminish
alleviate
Technological dominance boosts innovation but increases concerns about inequality, misinformation, and economic monopolies.
Governments focus primarily on promoting innovation rather than addressing risks related to technology.
Ethical considerations are regarded as essential in guiding technological development for long-term societal benefits.
Governments and organisations are trying to carefully find out technological development in a responsible and sustainable manner.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In the era of globalization, mass media has emerged as both a conduit of cultural exchange and a catalyst of cultural homogenization. Through film, television, and music, dominant cultures circulate their narratives across borders, shaping consumer tastes and social norms worldwide. Yet the same process jeopardizes local traditions, which struggle to remain visible. The ubiquity of Western pop culture, obliterating many regions once saturated with indigenous practices, illustrates the asymmetry of influence. [I]
Scholars debate whether globalization enriches cultural hybridity or erodes distinctiveness. On one hand, exposure to foreign traditions can foster cosmopolitanism; on the other, unchecked dissemination often mirrors cultural imperialism. Media theorist John Tomlinson has argued that global flows of content tend to privilege dominant powers, marginalizing local voices. This tension becomes especially evident in emerging economies, where imported media frequently eclipses domestic production. [II]
Importantly, the media does not simply transmit culture passively; it reframes it. Content is adapted, or resisted, producing hybrid identities. “To consume global media is never to abandon one’s identity entirely; rather, it is to negotiate between worlds”, notes cultural critic Ines Tasya Jadidah. Nonetheless, corporations seeking profit standardize cultural products to reach wider audiences, thereby reducing diversity. [III]
Strategies to safeguard pluralism include promoting local content, supporting minority creators, and investing in media literacy. Nations such as France and Canada impose quotas requiring broadcasters to feature domestic productions. Meanwhile, grassroots initiatives empower marginalized communities to produce their own narratives, counteracting dominant scripts. Still, critics warn that without structural reforms in global media markets, such efforts may remain insufficient. [IV] The challenge, therefore, is not merely technical but ethical: how to balance cultural exchange with cultural survival. Policymakers must craft environments where diversity thrives, while corporations must embrace responsibility beyond profit. In this light, global media can function as both a bridge and a barrier.
are overshadowed by the widespread influence of dominant global cultures
receive substantial support from international entertainment industries
struce to compete with globally circulated cultural products that shape public preferences
are gradually transformed to align with internationally accepted cultural standards
contaminate
disseminate
accommodate
exaggerate
While contact with foreign customs can promote cosmopolitan values, the uncontrolled spread of external cultures frequently reflects cultural imperialism.
Because interaction with foreign customs can cultivate a cosmopolitan outlook, unregulated cultural dissemination often resembles a form of cultural imperialism.
Engagement with overseas traditions can promote global-mindedness; therefore, excessive cultural diffusion may reduce cultural imperialism.
Whereas foreign cultural exposure has the potential to nurture cosmopolitanism, restricted dissemination commonly perpetuates cultural imperialism.
The privileging of dominant powers in media flows
The enrichment of cultural hybridity through globalization
The rejection of imported media by emerging economies
The equal coexistence of cosmopolitan traditions
Through processes of resistance, adaptation, and negotiation, media redefines culture and produces hybrid identities, even as corporations standardize cultural products and foster diversity.
Rather than merely transmitting culture passively, the media continuously reshapes cultural values through adaptation and resistance, producing hybrid identities globally.
Media reshapes culture through negotiation, adaptation and resistance, forming hybrid identities while corporations standardize content, reducing diversity.
Media influences cultural evolution through adaptation and resistance, weakening hybrid identities while corporate standardization contributes to the decline of cultural diversity.
to preserve cultural uniqueness across regions
to make products suitable for broader commercial goals
to encourage resistance to dominant cultural forms
to strengthen local cultural identities
to increase commercial competitiveness in global media industries
to reinforce national control over international broadcasting flows
to enable local communities to produce and share their own narratives
to replace existing cultural policies with market-driven strategies
The expansion of global media networks primarily depends on technological innovation rather than cultural considerations.
Ethical concerns arise because decisions about media dissemination inevitably influence which cultures are preserved or marginalized.
The ethical dimension of globalization can only be addressed through stricter censorship of foreign media content.
Advances in communication technology have effectively eliminated conflicts between cultural exchange and cultural preservation.
The passage argues that globalization, by diffusing dominant cultural forms through mass media, invariably secures pluralism and guarantees that indigenous practices will prosper alongside imported traditions.
The text explores how global media simultaneously promotes cultural exchange and threatens diversity, underscores the risks of homogenization, and considers policy and grassroots strategies to sustain pluralism in the face of corporate power.
The article maintains that grassroots media activism has effectively neutralized the dangers of cultural imperialism, leaving only minor technical challenges for policymakers to address in the global marketplace.
The author concludes that cultural homogenization is an inevitable outcome of globalization, contending that no political or community interventions are capable of mitigating its destructive effects on local traditions.
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