Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 3…
Câu 1: struce to compete with globally circulated cultural products that shape public preferences. Câu 2: disseminate. Câu 3: While contact with foreign customs can promote cosmopolitan values, the uncontrolled spread of external cultures frequently reflects cultural imperialism.. Câu 4: The privileging of dominant powers in media flows. Câu 5: Media reshapes culture through negotiation, adaptation and resistance, forming hybrid identities while corporations standardize content, reducing diversity.. Câu 6: to make products suitable for broader commercial goals. Câu 7: to enable local communities to produce and share their own narratives. Câu 8: [IV]. Câu 9: Ethical concerns arise because decisions about media dissemination inevitably influence which cultures are preserved or marginalized.. Câu 10: The text explores how global media simultaneously promotes cultural exchange and threatens diversity, underscores the risks of homogenization, and considers policy and grassroots strategies to sustain pluralism in the face of corporate power..
Chi tiết câu hỏi
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In the era of globalization, mass media has emerged as both a conduit of cultural exchange and a catalyst of cultural homogenization. Through film, television, and music, dominant cultures circulate their narratives across borders, shaping consumer tastes and social norms worldwide. Yet the same process jeopardizes local traditions, which struggle to remain visible. The ubiquity of Western pop culture, obliterating many regions once saturated with indigenous practices, illustrates the asymmetry of influence. [I]
Scholars debate whether globalization enriches cultural hybridity or erodes distinctiveness. On one hand, exposure to foreign traditions can foster cosmopolitanism; on the other, unchecked dissemination often mirrors cultural imperialism. Media theorist John Tomlinson has argued that global flows of content tend to privilege dominant powers, marginalizing local voices. This tension becomes especially evident in emerging economies, where imported media frequently eclipses domestic production. [II]
Importantly, the media does not simply transmit culture passively; it reframes it. Content is adapted, or resisted, producing hybrid identities. “To consume global media is never to abandon one’s identity entirely; rather, it is to negotiate between worlds”, notes cultural critic Ines Tasya Jadidah. Nonetheless, corporations seeking profit standardize cultural products to reach wider audiences, thereby reducing diversity. [III]
Strategies to safeguard pluralism include promoting local content, supporting minority creators, and investing in media literacy. Nations such as France and Canada impose quotas requiring broadcasters to feature domestic productions. Meanwhile, grassroots initiatives empower marginalized communities to produce their own narratives, counteracting dominant scripts. Still, critics warn that without structural reforms in global media markets, such efforts may remain insufficient. [IV] The challenge, therefore, is not merely technical but ethical: how to balance cultural exchange with cultural survival. Policymakers must craft environments where diversity thrives, while corporations must embrace responsibility beyond profit. In this light, global media can function as both a bridge and a barrier.
According to paragraph 1, local traditions are increasingly threatened because they ______.
are overshadowed by the widespread influence of dominant global cultures
receive substantial support from international entertainment industries
struce to compete with globally circulated cultural products that shape public preferences
are gradually transformed to align with internationally accepted cultural standards
The word circulate in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
contaminate
disseminate
accommodate
exaggerate
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
While contact with foreign customs can promote cosmopolitan values, the uncontrolled spread of external cultures frequently reflects cultural imperialism.
Because interaction with foreign customs can cultivate a cosmopolitan outlook, unregulated cultural dissemination often resembles a form of cultural imperialism.
Engagement with overseas traditions can promote global-mindedness; therefore, excessive cultural diffusion may reduce cultural imperialism.
Whereas foreign cultural exposure has the potential to nurture cosmopolitanism, restricted dissemination commonly perpetuates cultural imperialism.
The word This in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
The privileging of dominant powers in media flows
The enrichment of cultural hybridity through globalization
The rejection of imported media by emerging economies
The equal coexistence of cosmopolitan traditions
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
Through processes of resistance, adaptation, and negotiation, media redefines culture and produces hybrid identities, even as corporations standardize cultural products and foster diversity.
Rather than merely transmitting culture passively, the media continuously reshapes cultural values through adaptation and resistance, producing hybrid identities globally.
Media reshapes culture through negotiation, adaptation and resistance, forming hybrid identities while corporations standardize content, reducing diversity.
Media influences cultural evolution through adaptation and resistance, weakening hybrid identities while corporate standardization contributes to the decline of cultural diversity.
According to paragraph 3, why do corporations standardize cultural products?
to preserve cultural uniqueness across regions
to make products suitable for broader commercial goals
to encourage resistance to dominant cultural forms
to strengthen local cultural identities
What is the primary purpose of grassroots initiatives mentioned in the passage?
to increase commercial competitiveness in global media industries
to reinforce national control over international broadcasting flows
to enable local communities to produce and share their own narratives
to replace existing cultural policies with market-driven strategies
Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
Without comprehensive regulation, market forces will likely continue to privilege dominant media powers at the expense of diversity.
[I]
[II]
[III]
[IV]
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
The expansion of global media networks primarily depends on technological innovation rather than cultural considerations.
Ethical concerns arise because decisions about media dissemination inevitably influence which cultures are preserved or marginalized.
The ethical dimension of globalization can only be addressed through stricter censorship of foreign media content.
Advances in communication technology have effectively eliminated conflicts between cultural exchange and cultural preservation.
Which of the following best summarises the entire passage?
The passage argues that globalization, by diffusing dominant cultural forms through mass media, invariably secures pluralism and guarantees that indigenous practices will prosper alongside imported traditions.
The text explores how global media simultaneously promotes cultural exchange and threatens diversity, underscores the risks of homogenization, and considers policy and grassroots strategies to sustain pluralism in the face of corporate power.
The article maintains that grassroots media activism has effectively neutralized the dangers of cultural imperialism, leaving only minor technical challenges for policymakers to address in the global marketplace.
The author concludes that cultural homogenization is an inevitable outcome of globalization, contending that no political or community interventions are capable of mitigating its destructive effects on local traditions.
