Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks fro…
Câu 1: which refer to cognitive frameworks that help individuals organise and interpret information about themselves. Câu 2: As a result, individuals tend to develop expectations about how they are likely to think, feel, and act.. Câu 3: self-schemas influence how individuals behave based on their beliefs in various situations. Câu 4: leading to a stable but sometimes biased view of themselves. Câu 5: are more likely to perform well in related areas over time.
Chi tiết câu hỏi
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 10.
Have you ever wondered how your beliefs about yourself shape the way you think and behave in different situations? In psychology, these beliefs are known as self-schemas, (6) . Formed through past experiences and social interactions, self-schemas influence how people perceive their abilities, personality traits, and patterns of behaviour. (7) .
Self-schemas can be observed in a wide range of everyday contexts. For instance, a person who believes they are shy may feel anxious in social situations and avoid speaking in public. In contrast, someone who views themselves as confident is more likely to participate actively in similar situations. In this way, (8) , often reinforcing existing self-perceptions over time.
This cognitive framework also affects how information is processed. People tend to focus on experiences that are consistent with their self-schemas while overlooking those that are not. They may interpret events in ways that confirm their existing beliefs, (9) . Over time, such selective processing can strengthen self-schemas and make them more resistant to change.
The influence of self-schemas extends to decision-making and personal development. Individuals with positive self-schemas (10) , whereas negative self-schemas may limit confidence and hinder progress. Therefore, recognising these patterns and challenging unhelpful beliefs are essential steps towards developing a more balanced and adaptive self-concept.
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com)
Which option best fits blank (6)?
which refer to cognitive frameworks that help individuals organise and interpret information about themselves
referring to the situations in which people evaluate others based on common social expectations
each of which refers to internal structures shaping how individuals perceive their own abilities and behaviour
when they are used to describe the ways people think about themselves in different social situations
Lời giải
Sau danh từ "self-schemas" cần một mệnh đề quan hệ để định nghĩa thuật ngữ này. Phương án A sử dụng đại từ quan hệ "which" và cung cấp định nghĩa chính xác về mặt tâm lý học (khung nhận thức giúp tổ chức và giải thích thông tin về bản thân).
Which option best fits blank (7)?
This may seem obvious, yet people are not always aware of how such beliefs influence their behaviour
As a result, individuals tend to develop expectations about how they are likely to think, feel, and act.
For example, many people try to change their behaviour in order to improve their social relationships
In contrast, some individuals behave differently depending on the situations they encounter
Lời giải
Phương án B là sự lựa chọn tối ưu vì nó đóng vai trò nêu hệ quả logic của việc self-schemas hình thành từ trải nghiệm. Nó nối ý rất mượt với câu trước và chuẩn bị tốt cho phần ví dụ thực tế về các kỳ vọng hành vi ở đoạn tiếp theo.
Which option best fits blank (8)?
self-schemas shape how people understand their experiences in different situations and contexts
self-schemas influence how individuals behave based on their beliefs in various situations
self-schemas shape how individuals interpret experiences and influence how they respond in situations
self-schemas affect behaviour depending on how people view themselves in different situations
Lời giải
Dựa vào các ví dụ về người nhút nhát và người tự tin ở phía trước, phương án B tổng kết chính xác nhất việc niềm tin (beliefs) ảnh hưởng đến cách con người hành động (behave) trong các tình huống cụ thể.
Which option best fits blank (9)?
reflecting how people understand events and form views about themselves
showing how past events shape the way people see themselves
encouraging people to rethink their beliefs and judge events more carefully
leading to a stable but sometimes biased view of themselves
Lời giải
Cấu trúc V-ing sau dấu phẩy dùng để chỉ kết quả. Việc chỉ tập trung vào những trải nghiệm xác nhận niềm tin có sẵn sẽ dẫn đến kết quả là một cái nhìn ổn định nhưng thường mang tính định kiến (biased) về bản thân.
Which option best fits blank (10)?
who tend to have better performance in related areas over time
are more likely to perform well in related areas over time
being more likely to perform well in related areas over time
better performance in related areas is likely to be achieved
Lời giải
Vị trí trống cần một động từ chính được chia thì phù hợp cho chủ ngữ "Individuals with positive self-schemas". Phương án B cung cấp động từ "are" và cấu trúc "likely to do something" hoàn chỉnh về mặt ngữ pháp.
