Bài đọc 2: Smart Cities Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following qu…

Bài đọc 2: Smart Cities

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.

Modern urban planning is undergoing a seismic shift as the “Smart City” concept transitions from futuristic theory to lived reality. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), these metropolises leverage data-driven insights to optimize everything from traffic flow to waste management. Proponents argue that the primary merit lies in environmental preservation. For instance, intelligent lighting systems that dim when streets are empty can reduce municipal energy consumption by up to 40%. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of water pipelines allows for the immediate detection of leaks, preventing the loss of billions of gallons of treated water.

However, the rapid digital transformation of urban spaces is not without its detractors. Skeptics point toward the “digital divide,” a phenomenon where marginalized communities lack the hardware or literacy to benefit from these advancements. There are also profound concerns regarding data privacy.In a fully integrated smart city, a citizen’s every movement, from their morning commute to their grocery preferences, is recorded and analyzed.This constant surveillance raises ethical questions about who owns this data and how it might be exploited by private corporations or overzealous governments.

Despite these hurdles, the momentum toward smart urbanization seems irrevocable. Many European capitals are already pioneering “Circular Smart Cities,” where technology is used specifically to ensure that resources are recycled and reused indefinitely. The success of these projects suggests that the smart city is not merely a collection of gadgets, but a necessary evolution in how humanity inhabits the planet.

Furthermore, these urban centers prioritize environmental preservation alongside digital efficiency. If managed with transparent governance and inclusive policies,they could represent our best hope for a sustainable future in an increasingly crowded world. Ultimately, this transformation will redefine urban living by fostering a resilient ecosystem where both people and nature can thrive together harmoniously.